Fabric GSM Calculator
Result:
GSM will appear here.
Formula Used:
GSM = (Weight in grams) / (Length × Width in meters)
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Disclaimer: All calculators in the Textile Calculator have been reviewed by the relevant textile industry experts.
Table of Contents
What is GSM in Fabric?
GSM means grams per square meter. It shows how heavy a fabric is in a given area. Both knitted and woven fabrics use GSM to measure fabric thickness and weight. This unit helps textile engineers, fashion designers, and garment buyers choose the right fabric for the right purpose.
How to Measure GSM
To get the GSM of any fabric, you need three things:
- Fabric weight in grams
- Length in meters
- Width in meters
Use this formula:
GSM = (Weight of Fabric in grams) / (Length in meters × Width in meters)
For example, if a fabric weighs 200 grams and the area is 2 meters long and 1.5 meters wide:
GSM = 200 / (2 × 1.5) = 66.67 g/m²
This formula works for both knitted and woven fabrics. But each type has different construction methods that can affect GSM.
Knitted Fabric GSM
Knitted fabric is made by looping yarns. This type of fabric is stretchy and soft. It is widely used in T-shirts, sportswear, and innerwear.
Knitted fabrics can be single jersey, rib, interlock, or fleece. These styles affect the GSM. For example, fleece fabric has higher GSM than single jersey fabric. Also, yarn count and loop density change the GSM value.
In my factory experience, lightweight single jersey (140–160 GSM) is good for basic T-shirts. Higher GSM, like 280–320, suits winter hoodies and jackets. For knitted fabrics, we often test GSM in the lab using a GSM cutter and weighing scale.
Woven Fabric GSM
Woven fabric is made by interlacing warp and weft yarns. It is stable, strong, and less stretchy. Shirts, pants, denim, and formal wear use woven fabric.
Woven fabrics come in many types such as plain weave, twill, and satin. GSM for woven fabric depends on yarn count, construction (ends per inch and picks per inch), and finishing.
From my textile experience, shirt fabrics often range from 100–180 GSM. Denim starts from 250 GSM and can go up to 500 for heavy jeans. Higher thread count usually means higher GSM.
Key Differences in GSM
| Feature | Knitted Fabric | Woven Fabric |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Loop-based | Interlaced yarns |
| Stretch | Stretchy | Less stretch |
| Feel | Soft | Crisp or firm |
| GSM Range | 120–350 GSM (varies) | 100–500 GSM (varies) |
| Example Usage | T-shirts, hoodies, leggings | Shirts, jeans, jackets |
Why GSM Matters in Fabric Choice
GSM helps buyers and manufacturers select the right fabric. A low GSM fabric feels light and breathable. A high GSM fabric feels heavy and warm.
For example:
- A T-shirt made with 140 GSM fabric feels soft and cool.
- A jacket made with 320 GSM fabric feels warm and thick.
If you use fabric with the wrong GSM, the product may not serve its purpose. GSM directly impacts fabric performance, durability, and cost.
How to Use the Knitted vs. Woven GSM Calculator
Our free online calculator helps you check the GSM quickly. Just enter the weight, length, and width of the fabric. Then select fabric type (knitted or woven) and click calculate. It shows the exact GSM value in grams per square meter.
This tool is helpful for textile engineers, merchandisers, and students. It saves time and reduces manual errors.
Common GSM Ranges by Fabric Type
Knitted Fabric
- Single Jersey: 140–180 GSM
- Rib Knit: 180–240 GSM
- Fleece: 250–350 GSM
- Interlock: 180–260 GSM
Woven Fabric
- Poplin/Shirting: 100–160 GSM
- Twill (Bottom Weight): 200–300 GSM
- Denim: 250–500 GSM
- Canvas: 300–450 GSM
Trends in GSM Usage
In recent years, buyers demand better performance from lightweight fabrics. Many brands now want fabrics with low GSM but high strength and durability. In knitting, we use finer yarns and tighter loops. In weaving, we increase thread density with compact finishing.
Sustainable fashion also affects GSM choices. Lighter fabrics reduce raw material use. We often choose recycled yarns or blends to achieve eco-friendly results without increasing GSM.
As a textile engineer, I focus on balancing GSM with product quality. We test every lot in the lab to match buyer standards and ensure smooth production.
Final Thoughts
GSM is a key factor in both knitted and woven fabrics. It affects fabric use, quality, and cost. Use the GSM formula to compare fabric types and pick the right one for your needs. Whether you are a buyer, designer, or student, our GSM calculator helps you check values quickly and accurately.
Use this tool in daily production, sampling, or learning. Make informed fabric decisions based on real data, not guesswork. Always remember, the correct GSM leads to a better product and happier customers.