GSM and Yarn Count Calculator | Relationship Between Them

The relationship between GSM (grams per square meter) and yarn count is crucial in textile manufacturing. GSM determines fabric weight, while yarn count defines fiber thickness. Manufacturers use these factors to control fabric quality, durability, and appearance. This guide explains their connection and practical application in production.

Relationship Between GSM and Yarn Count

GSM and yarn count have an inverse relationship. Finer yarns (higher count) generally produce lighter fabrics, while thicker yarns (lower count) create heavier fabrics. However, factors like knitting density and fabric type also play a role.

GSM and Yarn Count in Different Fabrics

Single Jersey and Rib Fabric

Yarn CountSingle Jersey GSMRib GSM
18s220-230280-290
20s200-220260-280
24s180-190240-250
26s160-170230-240
28s150-160220-230
30s140-150200-220
34s120-130180-200

Interlock and Lycra Single Jersey

Yarn CountInterlock GSMLycra S/J GSM
34s250-270190-200
36s230-250180-190
38s200-210160-170
40s190-200150-160

Fleece Fabric and Double Lacoste

Yarn CountFleece GSMDouble Lacoste GSM
34s+34s+10s260-270240-260
30s+34s+10s280-290220-240
28s+30s+10s290-300200-220
26s+30s+10s310-320180-200
24s+30s+10s340-350160-180

What is GSM in Fabrics?

GSM refers to the fabric’s weight per square meter. It directly influences the feel, thickness, and durability of textiles. Higher GSM fabrics are denser and heavier, while lower GSM fabrics are lighter and more breathable.

Factors Affecting GSM

  1. Yarn Count â€“ Thicker yarn increases GSM.
  2. Fabric Structure â€“ Rib, interlock, and fleece fabrics have higher GSM than single jersey fabrics.
  3. Fiber Type â€“ Cotton, polyester, and blended fibers affect weight.
  4. Knitting or Weaving Density â€“ More stitches or weaves per inch result in higher GSM.

What is Yarn Count?

Yarn count measures the thickness of yarn, expressed in Ne (English cotton count) or Nm (metric count). A higher yarn count means finer yarn, while a lower count represents thicker yarn.

Common Yarn Count Systems

  • Ne (English Count) â€“ Used in cotton spinning; higher numbers indicate finer yarn (e.g., 40s is finer than 20s).
  • Nm (Metric Count) â€“ Measures length per gram; higher values mean finer yarn.
  • Tex and Denier â€“ Tex represents weight per 1,000 meters, and denier is commonly used for synthetic fibers.

How to Calculate GSM from Yarn Count

Manufacturers estimate GSM using the following calculators:

GSM = (Yarn Count Factor × Stitch Density × 100) / Fabric Width

Where:

  • The yarn Count Factor depends on fiber type.
  • Stitch Density is stitches per square inch.
  • Fabric Width is measured in inches.

This calculation helps adjust machine settings for desired fabric weight.

Practical Applications in Textile Manufacturing

1. Choosing the Right Yarn Count for Fabrics

  • T-shirts and casual wear â€“ 160-220 GSM with 24s-30s yarn count.
  • Heavy winter wear â€“ 280-350 GSM with 18s-24s yarn count.
  • Sportswear and Lycra blends â€“ 160-200 GSM with fine yarn counts (30s-40s).

2. Adjusting GSM for Fabric Performance

  • Breathability â€“ Lower GSM for lightweight apparel.
  • Durability â€“ Higher GSM for stronger fabrics.
  • Softness â€“ Finer yarns create smoother fabric surfaces.

3. Quality Control in Production

Textile engineers maintain fabric consistency by monitoring yarn count and GSM, adjusting knitting parameters, and performing weight tests.

Conclusion

GSM and yarn count determine fabric weight, feel, and application. A balanced approach ensures textiles meet industry standards for durability and comfort. Understanding these factors helps textile manufacturers optimize production and fabric quality.